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Application and Synthesis

UV-9 is a light yellow or white crystalline powder, also known as sunscreen 2, BP-3, suitable for polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethyl methacrylate , unsaturated polyester, ABS resin and cellulose resin and other plastics, the maximum absorption wavelength range of 280-340 nm, the general amount of 0.1-1.5%, good thermal stability, does not decompose at 200 ℃. This product hardly absorb visible light, it applies to light-colored transparent products. This product can also be used for paints and synthetic rubber. For the broad-spectrum UV absorbers, with high absorption rate, non-toxic, non-teratogenic effect, light, thermal stability. UV-9 can absorb UV-A and UV-B together, is the US FDA approved Class I sunscreen and being used with a higher frequency in the US and European countries. UV-9 is widely used in sunscreen cream, cream, honey, lotion, oil and other sunscreen cosmetics, but also as a product from the photosensitive and discoloration of the anti-discoloration agent. In addition, it is usually used for PVC and unsaturated polyester and many other fields, because UV-9 has good compatibility with many kinds of plastics and resins.

Improvement of UV - 9 Production Process

Using mixed acid as catalyst, trichloromethylbenzene and resorcinol were condensed into intermediate 2,4-dihydroxydiphenyl ketone in aqueous phase, and then the catalyst was treated with phase transfer catalyst, etherification of the target product UV-9.

Preparation

Preparation by partial methylation of 2,4- dihydroxy-benzophenone, ? with methyl iodide in the presence of sodium hydroxide; ? with a methyl halide; ? with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of sodium hydroxide or alkaline solution.

Synthesis Reference(s)

Tetrahedron, 42, p. 885, 1986 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4020(01)87495-0

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for Oxybenzone are not available; however, Oxybenzone is probably combustible.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Contact allergens

BZP-3 is used as a direct sunscreen agent and in antiaging creams. Allergic reactions have been reported. Cross-reactivity is expected in an average of one in four patients photoallergic to ketoprofen.

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Mddly toxic by ingestion. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Chemical Properties and Functionality

Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is an organic UV protectant added to many sunscreen products. It absorbs UV photons and dissipates their energy as harmless heat, protecting against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. Found in approximately 3,500 sunscreen products worldwide.

Safety and Regulatory Approval

Approved for use in sunscreen products by regulatory authorities in the United States, Canada, and the European Union.
Considered safe and effective when used in concentrations less than 6%.
No adverse reactions reported over 20 years of use, according to the American Skin Cancer Foundation.
Safety research requested by the FDA due to potential absorption by the body, especially with daily use.

Skin Sensitivity Concerns

Oxybenzone can induce photosensitivity dermatitis, characterized by skin redness, rash, and itching after sun exposure. Severe cases may result in facial swelling, requiring medical treatment.

Environmental Impact

Oxybenzone can contribute to coral reef damage, affecting coral growth and causing coral bleaching. Some areas have phased out oxybenzone-containing sunscreens due to concerns about coral reef health.

description

Oxybenzone is an organic compound used in sunscreens. It is a derivative of benzophenone. It forms colorless crystals that are readily soluble in most organic solvents. It is used as an ingredient in sunscreen and other cosmetics because it absorbs UV-A ultraviolet rays.Oxybenzone absorbs UVB and UVA II rays, resulting in a photochemical excitation and absorption of energy. Upon return to ground state, the absorbed energy results in emission of longer wavelength radiation and decreased skin penetration of radiation which reduces the risk of DNA damage.

Chemical properties

light yellow crystalline powder, soluble in ethanol, acetone and other organic solvents, insoluble in water.

Definition

ChEBI: A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.

Brand name

Uvinul M40 (BASF).

General Description

White to off-white or light yellow powder.